|
|
| Palladium | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,18,18,0 |
| Electron Configuration | [Kr] 4d10 |
| Ground state | 1S0 |
| Atomic Volume | 8.9 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 2.20 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.57 x 10-8 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 6.992 x 10-9 |
| Speed of sound | 3070 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 393.3 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 17.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 361.5 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 25.98 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 71.8 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 11.8 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 37.3 MPa |
| Mohs hardness | 4.75 |
| Vickers hardness | 461 MPa |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 180 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.39 |
| Shear modulus | 44 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 121 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 1.0 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 1.985 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 5.12 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 33 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
8.34 |
| Second
|
19.63 |
| Third
|
32.93 |
| Flammability |
|
| Non-combustible solid (except as dust)
|
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
21.1771 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 50) |
21.0201 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 18.2) |
23.8187 KeV |
| Kβ2 (intensity 4.4) |
24.2957 KeV |
| Kβ3 (intensity 8.2) |
23.7872 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
2.83861 KeV |
| Lα2 (intensity 10) |
2.83325 KeV |
| Lβ1 (intensity 44) |
2.99022 KeV |
| Lβ2 (intensity 8) |
3.17179 KeV |
| Lβ3 (intensity 7) |
3.0706 KeV |
| Lβ4 (intensity 4) |
3.0442 KeV |
| Lγ1 (intensity 3) |
3.3287 KeV |
| Lγ2 (intensity 2) |
3.5522 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 2) |
2.66 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 4.5) |
2.5 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
140 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
169 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
131 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
163 pm |
| Triple covalent
|
112 pm |
| Metallic
|
137 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 1 | II | 0.73 | 0.59 | |
| 2 | IVSQ | 0.78 | 0.64 | |
| VI | 1 | 0.86 | ||
| 3 | VI | 0.9 | 0.76 | |
| 4 | VI | 0.755 | 0.615 | R |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Pd+2 |
| Other
|
Pd0, Pd+4 |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
805 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1875 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
3177 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
4700 |
| M4+ - M5+ |
6300 |
| M5+ - M6+ |
8700 |
| M6+ - M7+ |
10700 |
| M7+ - M8+ |
12700 |
| M8+ - M9+ |
15000 |
| M9+ - M10+ |
17200 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 1721 | 1897 | 2117 | 2395 | 2753 | 3234 |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Cubic close packed |
 |
a = 389.07 pm |
| b = 389.07 pm | |
| c = 389.07 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |